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"This new work looks at the dynamics of organisations from a social constructionist viewpoint, taking the organisation as something that is constructed continuously through individual interactions with others, both within and without the organisation."--Provided by publisher.
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This paper examines the short-term implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for inequality in developing countries. The analysis takes advantage of high-frequency phone survey data collected by the World Bank to assess the distributional impacts of the pandemic through the channels of job and income losses, food insecurity, and children's education in the early days of the pandemic and subsequent period of economic recovery leading up to early 2021. It also introduces a methodology for estimating changes in income inequality due to the pandemic by combining data from phone surveys, pre-pandemic household surveys, and macroeconomic projections of sectoral growth rates. The paper finds that the pandemic had dis-equalizing impacts both across and within countries. Even under the assumption of distribution-neutral impacts within countries, the projected income losses are estimated to be higher in the bottom half of the global income distribution. Within countries, disadvantaged groups were more likely to have experienced work and income losses initially and are recovering more slowly. Inequality simulations suggest an increase in the Gini index for 29 of 34 countries in the sample, with an average increase of about 1 percent. Although these short-term impacts on inequality appear to be small, they suggest that projections of global poverty and inequality impacts of COVID-19 under the assumption of distribution-neutral changes within countries are likely to underestimate actual impacts. Finally, the paper argues that the overall inequality impacts of COVID-19 could be larger over the medium-to-long term on account of a slow and uneven recovery in many developing countries, and disparities in learning losses during pandemic-related school closures, which will likely have long-lasting effects on inequality of opportunity and social mobility.
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Interpersonal relations --- Social structure. --- Organization, Social --- Social organization --- Anthropology --- Sociology --- Social institutions --- Social groups --- Social structure
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This ecological history of peasant society in the Peruvian Andes focuses on the politics of irrigation and water management in three villages whose terraces and canal systems date back to Inca times. Set in a remote valley, the book tells a story of domination and resulting social decline, showing how basic changes in the use of land, water, and labor have been pivotal in transforming the indigenous way of life. The author carries out a comparison of contemporary practices in communities that vary systematically along certain dimensions. He analyzes the communities’ similarities and differences in hydraulic organization, landscaping, water use, and other variables. Strikingly diverse patterns appear in local practice, which prove to be the key to unraveling the area’s history. The book concludes by describing the recent intensification of a water conflict. This struggle between peasants and former landlords ultimately led villagers to rise up against the national government. The story culminates in the violent intrusion of the revolutionary group known as Shining Path.
Water-supply --- Irrigation --- Social structure --- Social conflict --- Government policy
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Customer relations --- Intergroup relations --- Service industries --- Social structure
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Culture. --- Social structure. --- Organization, Social --- Social organization --- Anthropology --- Sociology --- Social institutions --- Cultural sociology --- Culture --- Sociology of culture --- Civilization --- Popular culture --- Social aspects --- Social structure --- E-books
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This book examines HIV/AIDS vulnerabilities, impacts and responses in the socioeconomic and cultural context of Sub-Saharan Africa. With contributions from social scientists and public health experts, the volume identifies gender inequality and poverty as the main causes of the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa.
Social medicine. --- Economic development. --- Poverty. --- Anthropology. --- Sociology. --- Social structure. --- Social inequality. --- Medical Sociology. --- Development Studies. --- Development Aid. --- Sociology, general. --- Social Structure, Social Inequality. --- Equality.
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Nothing is more important to a new, fragile or developing nation than developing the capacity of its government to support national well-being. Every society is complex; every government is complex. Yet, well-intentioned international development aid, born in an era of infrastructure projects, continues to apply simplistic technical solutions to these wickedly complex development problems. It's an outside-in approach that rarely succeeds, even by the development industry's own admission. But out there, amongst the billions of dollars of failed interventions, there are bright spots of success places where capacity is harnessed, not just for today, but for tomorrow, too. What is working so well? Drawing on research, practical experience, and stories of success, Jim Armstrong explores these emerging approaches.
Economic policy. --- Economic development. --- Poverty. --- Social work. --- International relations. --- Social structure. --- Social inequality. --- Development Policy. --- Development Studies. --- Development Aid. --- Social Work. --- International Relations. --- Social Structure, Social Inequality. --- Developing countries --- Trinidad and Tobago --- Economic conditions. --- Politics and government. --- Equality.
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In this provocative book, author Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic connects the dots and asks a powerful question: what if the reason for the lack of women at the top--and the presence of so many incompetent leaders who also happen to be men--is not that there are too many obstacles slowing women's advancement, but that there aren't enough career-testing obstacles for men? Marshalling decades of rigorous research on leadership to build his case, Chamorro-Premuzic points out that although women make up a minority of leaders, female leaders are often rated by both bosses and subordinates as more competent than their male peers. At the same time, most organizations continue to equate leadership potential with a handful of personality traits, like overconfidence and narcissism, that don't correlate with success. In other words, these traits may help people get nominated to leadership roles, but they backfire once the individual has the job.--
Organization theory --- Attitudes to gender roles. --- Chefer. --- Chefer: män. --- Competence. --- Executives. --- Framgångsrikt företagande. --- Gender differences. --- Kompetens. --- Kvinnliga chefer. --- Könsdiskriminering. --- Könsmaktsordning. --- Könsolikheter. --- Könsrollstänkande. --- Leadership. --- Ledarskap. --- Male domination (Social structure). --- Male domination (social structure). --- Managers. --- Managers: men. --- Manliga chefer. --- Män --- Sex discrimination. --- Success in business. --- Women executives. --- Psykologiska aspekter. --- Sex role in the work environment --- Leadership --- Success in business --- Executives --- Women executives --- Male domination (Social structure) --- Men --- Psychology --- 431 --- diversité --- diversiteit --- leadership --- opleiding management --- formation management --- Men - Psychology --- Management --- Book --- E-books
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